Cyanobacteria Produce N-(2-Aminoethyl)Glycine,a Backbone for Peptide Nucleic Acids Which May Have Been the First Genetic Molecules for Life on Earth |
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| Authors: | Sandra Anne Banack James S Metcalf Liying Jiang Derek Craighead Leopold L Ilag Paul Alan Cox |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, Wyoming, United States of America.; 2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.; 3. Craighead Beringia South, Kelly, Wyoming, United States of America.; American University in Cairo, Egypt, |
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| Abstract: | Prior to the evolution of DNA-based organisms on earth over 3.5 billion years ago it is hypothesized that RNA was the primary genetic molecule. Before RNA-based organisms arose, peptide nucleic acids may have been used to transmit genetic information by the earliest forms of life on earth. We discovered that cyanobacteria produce N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG), a backbone for peptide nucleic acids. We detected AEG in axenic strains of cyanobacteria with an average concentration of 1 µg/g. We also detected AEG in environmental samples of cyanobacteria as both a free or weakly bound molecule and a tightly bound form released by acid hydrolysis, at concentrations ranging from not detected to 34 µg/g. The production of AEG by diverse taxa of cyanobacteria suggests that AEG may be a primitive feature which arose early in the evolution of life on earth. |
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