Photosynthetic phosphorylation |
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Authors: | Albert W Frenkel |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 1445 Gortner Avenue, 55108-1095 St. Paul, MN, USA |
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Abstract: | A brief history of the discovery of photosynthetic phosphorylation by chloroplasts and bacterial chromatophores is presented. Arnon early introduced the terminology of Cyclic and Non-cyclic photophosphorylation and Cyclic and Non-Cyclic electron transport to the processes observed in illuminated chloroplasts. He made major contributions to the elucidation of these processes and stressed their great biological significance. Investigations of the electron transport components of chromatophores have led to the isolation, purification and crystallization of bacterial reaction centers. The development of three-dimensional molecular structures, and the characterization of their electron transfer components have provided a great deal of information about the early reactions of bacterial photosynthesis. The electron transfer schemes presented clearly support the cyclic nature of light-induced electron transfer. Recent developments in the understanding of ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria and in photophosphorylation by chloroplasts and bacterial chromatophores are discussed.Abbreviations ADP, ATP
adenosine 5-di- and triphosphates
- NADP+, NADPH
oxidized and reduced Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- RC
reaction center
- EPR
electron paramagnetic resonance
- F0F1
ATP-synthase (synthetase) of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and of chromatophores
- F0
membrane portion of ATP-synthase
- F1-ATPase
water soluble sector of ATP-synthase |
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Keywords: | chloroplasts bacterial chromatophores photosynthetic phosphorylation cyclic photophosphorylation non-cyclic photophosphorylation cyclic electron transport non-cyclic electron transport mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation proton gradients coupling factors energy coupling reactions binding change mechanisms catalytic cooperativity |
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