基于参与性调查的生态输水和治理工程的可持续性

在中国西北内陆干旱地区，生态输水和治理工程是恢复退化生态系统的重要措施，然而工程的可持续发展受到许多社会经济因素的影响.本文基于农户态度、农户生计以及水资源高效利用等，对额济纳旗的农户开展问卷调查.结果表明： 尽管生态输水和治理工程在植被恢复方面取得了巨大成就，但可持续发展仍然受到以下因素影响：由于生态移民的收入主要依赖工程的补偿，造成牧民生计困难，加大了生态治理成果维护的风险；工程对节水农业发展没有起到积极作用，水资源利用效率仍然较低，没有达到最终目的；工程补偿仅仅考虑农牧业损失，对水资源外部性和公共性没有考虑，补偿存在一定的局限性.在进行生态输水和治理的同时，应把发展教育、提供就业机会和技术培训、提高水资源利用效率和建立合理的水资源补偿机制作为环境修复的重要内容.

Sustainability of ecological water transfer and rehabilitation project based on participatory survey.

In the arid inland area of Northwest China, the ecological water transfer and rehabilitation project (EWTRP) is an important measure to restore the deteriorated ecosystem. However, the sustainability of the project is affected by many socio-economic factors. This research was based on results of the questionnaire from Ejina County’s farmer households, which included the farmer households’ attitude, livelihood and the efficiency of the water resource usage. The results showed that although the EWTRP had made great achievements in vegetation restoration, but the sustainability of the project was affected by the following factors: the ecologically-motivated relocated/resettled herdsmen mainly relied on the compensation from the project, causing them a hard living, and increasing the risk of maintaining the current achievement; the project didn’t have a positive impact on water saving agriculture, the efficiency of water usage was relatively low and had not yet reached the final goal; the compensation of the project only considered the loss of agriculture, but neglected the externality and publicity of eco-water. We suggest that developing education, offering job opportunity and training programs, improving the efficiency of water usage and establishing reasonable water resources compensation mechanisms are needed to be considered as main domain of environmental recovery as well as ecological water transfer and rehabilitation.