夏闲期深翻覆盖对旱地麦田土壤水分及产量的影响

于2009-2011年在山西省闻喜县邱家岭村连续两年进行田间试验，在夏闲期前茬小麦收获后15、45 d深翻，并立即采用地膜将地表全覆盖（以不覆盖为对照），研究全年0～300 cm土层土壤水分运行规律、小麦产量形成及水分利用效率的变化规律.结果表明：夏闲期深翻后覆盖可显著提高播种前100～180 cm土壤蓄水量、夏闲期土壤蓄水效率及越冬至孕穗期土壤蓄水量,前茬小麦收获后45 d深翻较15 d更有利于提高土壤蓄水量和水分利用效率，提高穗数和产量，且丰水年效果更好.总之，夏闲期等雨后深翻、覆盖有利于纳雨蓄墒，达到增产、高效的目的.

Effects of deep plowing and mulch in fallow period on soil water and yield of wheat in dryland.

A field test was carried out in Qiujialing Village, Wenxi, Shanxi from 2009 to 2011 to study the soil water movement of 0-300 cm layer, yield formation and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat with deep plowing and mulching the whole ground immediately (no mulch as control) 15 days and 45 days after harvest. The results indicated that deep plowing and mulch in fallow period could improve soil water storage of the 100-180 cm layer before sowing, the soil water storage efficiency in fallow period, and soil water storage from pre wintering stage to booting stage. Compared with deep plowing 15 days after wheat harvest, deep plowing 45 days after wheat harvest did better in improving soil water storage and water use efficiency, as well as ear number and yield, which was more conducive in the year with more precipitation. Generally, deep plowing and mulching after raining during fallow period could benefit the soil water storage and conservation, thus would be helpful to improve wheat yield in dryland.