The artiodactyl <Emphasis Type="Italic">APOBEC3</Emphasis> innate immune repertoire shows evidence for a multi-functional domain organization that existed in the ancestor of placental mammals |
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| Authors: | Rebecca S LaRue Stefán R Jónsson Kevin AT Silverstein Mathieu Lajoie Denis Bertrand Nadia El-Mabrouk Isidro Hötzel Valgerdur Andrésdóttir Timothy PL Smith Reuben S Harris |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics,Institute for Molecular Virology, Beckman Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,USA;2.University of Iceland,Institute for Experimental Pathology,Reykjavík,Iceland;3.Masonic Cancer Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Group,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,USA;4.DIRO,Université de Montréal,Montréal,Canada;5.Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology,Washington State University,Pullman,USA;6.USDA/ARS US Meat Animal Research Center,Genetics and Breeding Research Unit,Nebraska,USA |
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| Abstract: | Background APOBEC3 (A3) proteins deaminate DNA cytosines and block the replication of retroviruses and retrotransposons. Each A3 gene encodes a protein with one or two conserved zinc-coordinating motifs (Z1, Z2 or Z3). The presence of one A3 gene in mice (Z2–Z3) and seven in humans, A3A-H (Z1a, Z2a-Z1b, Z2b, Z2c-Z2d, Z2e-Z2f, Z2g-Z1c, Z3), suggests extraordinary evolutionary flexibility. To gain insights into
the mechanism and timing of A3 gene expansion and into the functional modularity of these genes, we analyzed the genomic sequences, expressed cDNAs and
activities of the full A3 repertoire of three artiodactyl lineages: sheep, cattle and pigs. |
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