The Xenopus Cell Cycle: An Overview |
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Authors: | Anna Philpott P Renee Yew |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Oncology, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, England;(2) Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA |
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Abstract: | Oocytes, eggs and embryos from the frog Xenopus laevis have been an important model system for studying cell-cycle regulation for several decades. First, progression through meiosis
in the oocyte has been extensively investigated. Oocyte maturation has been shown to involve complex networks of signal transduction
pathways, culminating in the cyclic activation and inactivation of Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF), composed of cyclin B
and cdc2. After fertilisation, the early embryo undergoes rapid simplified cell cycles which have been recapitulated in cell-free
extracts of Xenopus eggs. Experimental manipulation of these extracts has given a wealth of biochemical information about
the cell cycle, particularly concerning DNA replication and mitosis. Finally, cells of older embryos adopt a more somatic-type
cell cycle and have been used to study the balance between cell cycle and differentiation during development. |
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Keywords: | Xenopus Cell cycle Oocyte DNA replication Meiosis Mitosis |
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