Methylmercury in Marine Ecosystems: Spatial Patterns and Processes of Production,Bioaccumulation, and Biomagnification |
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Authors: | Celia Chen Aria Amirbahman Nicholas Fisher Gareth Harding Carl Lamborg Diane Nacci David Taylor |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Biological Sciences, HB 6044, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA;(2) Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA;(3) Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;(4) Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada;(5) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, MS #25, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;(6) Office of Research and Development, Atlantic Ecology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA;(7) Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Roger Williams University, One Old Ferry Road, Bristol, RI, 02809, USA |
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Abstract: | The spatial variation of MeHg production, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification in marine food webs is poorly characterized but critical to understanding the links between sources and higher trophic levels, such as fish that are ultimately vectors of human and wildlife exposure. This article discusses both large and local scale processes controlling Hg supply, methylation, bioaccumulation, and transfer in marine ecosystems. While global estimates of Hg supply suggest important open ocean reservoirs of MeHg, only coastal processes and food webs are known sources of MeHg production, bioaccumulation, and bioadvection. The patterns observed to date suggest that not all sources and biotic receptors are spatially linked, and that physical and ecological processes are important in transferring MeHg from source regions to bioaccumulation in marine food webs and from lower to higher trophic levels. |
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Keywords: | methylmercury bioaccumulation trophic transfer biomagnification bioadvection |
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