侗族村寨选址布局特征及其生态智慧

以湘桂黔侗族聚居区统计数据、田野调查资料和矢量地图为数据源，运用ArcGIS空间分析工具分析侗族村寨的选址布局特征以及其中蕴含的生态智慧内容。结果表明：1）传统侗族村寨主要在海拔500~900m，坡度7°~15°，坡向为北或西北方，与水源距离小于100m的区域选址建寨；2）侗族村寨整体上在高程、坡度、坡向和与水系距离上属于高值分布，侗族村寨选址布局的空间特征与地理环境因素密切相关；3）传统侗寨的选址布局具有地势中等、坡度适宜、背风向阳、易取水的特点，蕴含着主动适应环境的生态智慧，体现了“因地制宜、与自然共生”的生态思想，对于维持人地和谐具有积极意义。

Location and Spatial Distribution with the Ecological Wisdom of Dong Minority Villages

Statistical data, field survey data and vector map of the settlements of the Dong Minority of Hunan, Guangxi and Guizhou were used as data sources, this article is based on the ArcGIS spatial analyst tools, analyzing spatial distribution characteristics and ecological wisdom of the Dong minority villages. The results showed that the tradictional Dong minority villages mainly distributed on the north or northwestern aspect. They ranged from 500m to 900m on elevation and from 7° to 15° on slope. The distance between the villages and water was less than 100m. The Dong minority villages are of high value distribution in terms of the elevation, aspects, slope, slope and the distance from water system. People choose the location which is middle altitude, appropriate gradient, leeward, full of sunshine and easy to use water. It contains the ecological wisdom of active adaptation to environment and appears the conception which people adapt to local conditions and live in harmony with nature. It is of positive significance to maintain harmony between man and nature.