Enhancement of somatic embryogenesis in camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.): osmotic stress and other factors affecting somatic embryo formation on hormone-free medium |
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Authors: | Xueping Shi Xigang Dai Guofeng Liu Manzhu Bao |
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Institution: | (1) Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; |
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Abstract: | The aim of this study was to improve the direct somatic embryogenesis and initiate embryogenic callus formation in camphor
tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.) on hormone-free medium. The influence of osmotic stress pretreatment of immature zygotic embryos (0.5 and 1.0 M solution
of sucrose for 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h at 4 or 25°C) before cultured on hormone-free medium, on embryogenesis efficiency
was assessed. The embryogenesis frequency was improved from 16.29 to 93.27%, while the average number of somatic embryos per
explant increased from 3 to 12.57. Activated charcoal (AC), medium renewal, basal medium, light conditions and sucrose concentration
in culture medium were also evaluated for their effect on somatic embryogenesis. AC addition and 10-day medium renewal did
not increase embryogenesis efficiency significantly, and Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium proved to be more beneficial for
somatic embryo formation than others. No differences were found between embryogenesis frequencies when cultured in darkness
or under light, but culturing under light yielded more embryos. After the sucrose solution pretreatment, high level concentration
of sucrose in induction medium was not needed for somatic embryogenesis, for it had a negative effect on somatic embryo formation
when the concentration of sucrose was higher than 50 g l−1. The derived embryogenic lines were maintained via repetitive embryogenesis on hormone-free medium. Low ratio formation of
embryogenic callus was observed on the surface of somatic embryos both on induction and proliferation medium. Plantlets derived
from somatic embryos grew vigorously with normal appearance similar to germinated zygotic embryos. |
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