Balancing segmentation and laterality during vertebrate development |
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| Authors: | Tim Brend Scott A. Holley |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Matematica “F. Brioschi”, Via Bonardi 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy;2. Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Via Campi 213/B, I-41125 Modena, Italy;3. Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, UMR CNRS 7348 - SP2MI, Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie - Téléport 2, F-86962 Chasseneuil Futuroscope Cedex, France;1. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;2. Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;1. Division for Morphogenesis, Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan;2. Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan;3. Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan;1. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria |
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| Abstract: | Somites are the mesodermal segments of vertebrate embryos that become the vertebral column, skeletal muscle and dermis. Somites arise within the paraxial mesoderm by the periodic, bilaterally symmetric process of somitogenesis. However, specification of left–right asymmetry occurs in close spatial and temporal proximity to somitogenesis and involves some of the same cell signaling pathways that govern segmentation. Here, we review recent evidence that identifies cross-talk between these processes and that demonstrates a role for retinoic acid in maintaining symmetrical somitogenesis by preventing impingement of left–right patterning signals upon the paraxial mesoderm. |
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