Evolution of leftward flow |
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| Authors: | Martin Blum Thomas Weber Tina Beyer Philipp Vick |
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| Institution: | 1. The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln''s Inn Fields, London WC2A3LY, United Kingdom;2. Biotechnology Center, Technical University Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany;3. Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA;4. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;5. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany;1. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Embryology, Laboratory of Developmental Biophysics, Russia;2. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Russia;3. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Laboratory of Morphogenesis Evolution, Russia;1. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;1. Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan;2. Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;3. Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;1. CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;3. Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México;4. School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;5. Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK |
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| Abstract: | The asymmetric Nodal signaling cascade as a prerequisite for asymmetric body plan specification is conserved among deuterostomes. In this review we argue that symmetry breakage by cilia-driven leftward flow presents an ancestral character of vertebrates, likely the chordate phylum and maybe all deuterostomes. In vertebrates, leftward flow occurs in a transient structure, a monociliated epithelium, which is derived from superficial mesoderm and localizes to the archenteron roof during gastrulation. The chick as an example for the highly derived birds lacks superficial mesoderm and flow. This loss should be secondary, as flow is present from fish and amphibians to mammals. |
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