Cytotoxic activity of proflavine diureas: synthesis, antitumor, evaluation and DNA binding properties of 1',1'-(acridin-3,6-diyl)-3',3'-dialkyldiureas

The synthesis of novel 1',1'-(acridin-3,6-diyl)-3',3'-dialkyldiureas was reported. Their biological activity to inhibit cell proliferation was assessed by a MTT assay on two cell lines, HeLa and HCT-116, at micromolar concentration. 1',1'-(Acridin-3,6-diyl)-3',3'-dihexyldiurea hydrochloride was active on a HCT-116 cell line with an IC(50) value of 3.1 microM. The interaction of these compounds with calf thymus DNA was investigated by a variety of spectroscopic techniques including UV-vis, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. From spectrofluorimetric titrations, binding constants for the DNA-drug complexes were determined (K=0.9-4.2x10(5) M(-1)). Antiproliferative activity of synthesized derivatives might be related to their intercalation into DNA.