昆虫种群的遗传调控

昆虫种群的遗传调控是利用昆虫自身生长发育的关键基因，采用性别控制开关，通过遗传转化使雄虫成为携带导致后代雌虫发育异常或雌性不育的遗传控制复合体（性别开关元件和靶标基因的复合体）．昆虫种群遗传调控是一种基于不育技术的昆虫种群控制系统，具有种类特异、环境友好和便捷高效等特点．目前为止，已经由早期的通过辐射不育方法发展到释放携带显性致死基因昆虫的方法，并在多种昆虫中获得成功．本文综述了昆虫种群遗传调控的发展历程，介绍了昆虫种群遗传调控相关的理论与方法，包括特异的调控元件、致死或缺陷基因和遗传转化体系的应用，并列举了几种昆虫种群遗传调控的实例，最后对于昆虫种群遗传调控系统中存在的问题以及可能的发展方向进行了展望．

Genetic Regulation of Insect Populations

Genetic regulation of insect populations is a powerful system. It is set up based on the integration of regulation of species specific target gene and sexual specified control elements through genetic transformation. The offsprings produced in the system will have normal males bringing female lethal or abnormal genes. With advantages of species specificity, eco-friendliness and high efficiency, genetic regulation technique （GRT） established with the insect sterile technique becomes a better choice for insect population control. So far, GRT has evolved into the new generation called ＇Release of Insect with Dominant Lethal （RIDL）＇ from the primitive radiation caused sterility and succeeded in several insects. In this review, we introduce the history of GRT and related theories and methods, including the specific regulating elements, lethal or defect genes and the transgenic system. Some successful cases, such as mosquitos, silkworm and cotton bollworm are also listed. Finally, we discuss potential problems and the future of GRT.