抗病毒天然免疫研究

病毒是一种极具感染性和传染性的病原微生物．当病毒感染机体以后，机体会通过激活免疫系统来进行防御．高等哺乳动物的免疫系统分为两大类：适应性免疫系统和天然免疫系统．适应性免疫系统主要通过T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞特异性地识别入侵的病毒并将其清除．而天然免疫系统主要通过模式识别受体识别病毒的入侵，进而产生一系列的细胞因子抵抗病毒的入侵．其中，天然免疫系统作为抵御病毒入侵的第一道防线和激活后续适应性免疫的先决条件在整个抗病毒免疫反应中发挥着十分重要的作用．

Progress in Antiviral Innate Immunity

Viruses are small infectious particles that only replicate inside the living cells of the hosts. When infected by viruses, the immune system of the hosts will be activated to defense against these invaders. In vertebrates, there are two immune systems, the adaptive immune system and the innate immune system. While the adaptive immune system is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth, the innate immune system defends the host from virus infection through widely expressed pattern recognition receptors and rapid production of downstream cytokines. Being the first line of the host defense and the prerequisite of adaptive immunity, the innate immune system plays a significant role in antiviral immune responses.