羟基肉桂酰基转移酶的结构、功能与应用

羟基肉桂酰基转移酶（hydroxycinnamoyl transferase，HCT）属于植物酰基转移酶家族的一个重要分支，具有“HXXXD”和“DFGWG”两个保守序列，以多种酰基辅酶A（肉桂酰辅酶A、对香豆酰辅酶A、咖啡酰辅酶A、阿魏酰辅酶A和芥子酰辅酶A等）作为酰基供体，催化多种底物（莽草酸、奎尼酸、4 羟基苯乳酸、龙胆酸和4 羟基苯乙胺等）形成酯类或酰胺化合物。其酰基化产物可改善植物次生代谢产物的理化性质和生物活性，因此HCT被广泛应用于开发生物质能源、改良作物品种和研制抗炎药物，对植物次生代谢产物的合成与后修饰具有重要意义。本文系统介绍了HCT的序列特点、蛋白质结构特征、酰基化反应机制和其在工业、农业及医药行业的应用，并对HCT的未来发展前景进行了展望。

Structure,Function and Application of Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase

Hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), defined by the presence of two motifs, ‘HXXXD’ and ‘DFGWG’, represents an important branch of plant acyltransferases. HCT has catalytic activity on the substrates including shikimic acid, quinic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid, gentisic acid and 4-hydroxyphenethylamine, with acyl-CoA as an acyl donor (cinnamoyl-CoA, p-coumyl-CoA, caffeoyl-CoA, feruloyl-CoA, and sinayl-CoA). Esters or amides acylated by HCT can improve the physicochemical properties and biological activities of secondary metabolites in plants. Therefore, HCT has been extensively applied in development of novel biomass energy, improvement of crop varieties and discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, HCT has significant effects on the post modification of esters and amides of plants. This review comprehensively summarizes the sequence characteristics, structural features, acylation reaction mechanism and applications in commercial, agricultural and pharmaceutical industries of HCT. The future development of HCT is also prospected.