肝脏固有免疫系统对肠源性感染的免疫应答与免疫耐受机制

肝特殊的解剖结构及生理特征使其成为暴露肠源性抗原的主要器官。由于肝具有独特的固有免疫系统，在正常情况下，肝分布多种致耐受的抗原提呈细胞，对持续性表达或递呈于肝的肠源性抗原物质，诱发针对该抗原的系统性免疫耐受，避免肝受到不必要的免疫损伤。当炎症发生及肝脏固有免疫系统活化时，则通过免疫效应细胞及免疫效应因子对肠源性病原体发挥强烈地免疫应答以控制感染。该过程形成机制的研究对肝功能的理解及肝性疾病的预防与治疗至关重要。本文就肝固有免疫系统对肠源性感染的免疫应答与免疫耐受形成机制作一综述。

The Mechanism of Immune Response and Immune Tolerance of Liver Innate Immune System to Intestinal Infection

The special anatomical structure and physiological characteristics of the liver make it the main organ exposed to intestinal antigen. Under normal circumstances, due to its unique innate immune system, the liver distributes a variety of tolerogenic antigen presenting cells which induces systemic immune tolerance against the intestinal antigen which is continuously expressed or presented to the liver to avoid unnecessary immune damage; When inflammation occurs and the liver innate immune system is activated, immune response cells and immune effectors exert a strong immune response to intestinal-derived pathogens to control infection. The research on the mechanism is crucial for the understanding of liver function and the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. This article reviews the mechanism of immune response and immune tolerance of liver innate immune system to intestinal infection.