西双版纳黄瓜农家品种及其传统知识

西双版纳黄瓜(Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanesis)是黄瓜的一个变种。云南省西双版纳及周边地区的少数民族长期以来栽培、管理和利用这种黄瓜, 使它成为当地重要的作物农家品种, 对其开展民族植物学研究, 了解其传统知识十分必要。我们于2017-2018年在西双版纳傣族自治州调查了西双版纳黄瓜农家品种及其相关的传统知识。结果表明, 与现代品种相比, 西双版纳黄瓜农家品种具有香味浓郁、耐贮藏等特异性; 西双版纳的傣族、基诺族、彝族、瑶族等少数民族拥有丰富的关于西双版纳黄瓜农家品种的传统知识。西双版纳黄瓜种质资源在大部分村寨已经消失或濒临消失, 与之相关的传统知识也随之消亡, 目前仅在海拔较高、交通欠发达的边远山区还栽培和保留了少量的农家品种。建议开展西双版纳黄瓜农家品种的原生境保护, 既保护其种质资源, 也保护相关的传统知识。

Xishuangbanna cucumber landraces and associated traditional knowledge

The Xishuangbanna cucumber variety (XC), Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanesis, has been cultivated, managed and used for many generations by ethnic people in Xishuangbanna Prefecture, South Yunnan, China. It has become a significant crop landrace in local communities. An ethnobotanical investigation was conducted in Xishuangbanna in 2017-2018 to collect the agronomic traits of XC and the associated traditional knowledge. The results show that the XC fruit is characterized by its shelf life and delicious flavor. The Dai, Jinuo, Yi, Yao and other ethnic communities were believed to historically possess rich traditional knowledge about XC. Most villagers today, however, did not grow XC and thus their XC genetic resources have been lost together with the traditional knowledge. Only a few households in the remote and high-altitude mountainous villages continue to cultivate very limited amounts of XC for family consumption. The genetic resources of XC and the associated traditional cultures have suffered rapid decline. We suggest that on-farm conservation should be adopted to protect both the genetic resources of XC and the associated traditional knowledge.