Effects of Spilled Oil on Bacterial Communities of Mediterranean Coastal Anoxic Sediments Chronically Subjected to Oil Hydrocarbon Contamination |
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Authors: | Gilles Miralles David Nérini Claude Manté Monique Acquaviva Pierre Doumenq Valérie Michotey Sylvie Nazaret Jean Claude Bertrand Philippe Cuny |
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Institution: | Laboratoire de Microbiologie, de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines, CNRS-UMR 6117, Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille, Cedex 9, Case 901, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, 13288, France. |
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Abstract: | The effects of spilled oil on sedimentary bacterial communities were examined in situ at 20 m water depth in a Mediterranean coastal area. Sediment collected at an experimental site chronically subjected to
hydrocarbon inputs was reworked into PVC cores with or without a massive addition of crude Arabian light oil (∼20 g kg−1 dry weight). Cores were reinserted into the sediment and incubated in situ at the sampling site (20 m water depth) for 135 and 503 days. The massive oil contamination induced significant shifts in
the structure of the indigenous bacterial communities as shown by ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA). The vertical
heterogeneity of the bacterial communities within the sediment was more pronounced in the oiled sediments particularly after
503 days of incubation. Response to oil of the deeper depth communities (8–10 cm) was slower than that of superficial depth
communities (0–1 and 2–4 cm). Analysis of the oil composition by gas chromatography revealed a typical microbial alteration
of n-alkanes during the experiment. Predominant RISA bands in oiled sediments were affiliated to hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria
sequences. In particular, a 395-bp RISA band, which was the dominant band in all the oiled sediments for both incubation times,
was closely related to hydrocarbonoclastic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). These bacteria may have contributed to the main
fingerprint changes and to the observed biodegradation of n-alkanes. This study provides useful information on bacterial dynamics in anoxic contaminated infralittoral sediments and
highlights the need to assess more precisely the contribution of SRB to bioremediation in oil anoxic contaminated areas. |
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