Nep1-like proteins from plant pathogens: recruitment and diversification of the NPP1 domain across taxa

An emerging group of proteins found in many plant pathogens are related to their ability to cause plant cell death. These proteins may be identified by the presence of a common NPP1 (necrosis-inducing Phytophthora protein) domain, and have collectively been named NLPs (Nep1-like proteins). The NLPs are distinguished by their wide distribution across taxa and their broad spectrum of activity against dicotyledonous plants. The function of NLPs is not known but there is strong evidence that they may act as positive virulence factors, accelerating disease and pathogen growth in plant hosts. Interest in NLPs is gaining momentum as more members of this protein family are discovered in more species of plant pathogens.