Metabolite profiling of saponins in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Balanites</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">aegyptiaca</Emphasis> plant tissues using LC (RI)-ESI/MS and MALDI-TOF/MS |
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Authors: | Bishnu P Chapagain Zeev Wiesman |
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Institution: | (1) Plant-Lipid Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, The Institutes for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel |
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Abstract: | Saponins are a major family of secondary metabolites which consist of a sugar moiety glycosidically linked to a hydrophobic
aglycone (sapogenin). In recent years the interest in saponins has increased significantly because of their diverse properties
as natural detergents and foaming agents, their cardiac, immunostimulating, and anti-cancer activity, as well as other health
promoting functions. This study deals with metabolitic analysis of saponins from methanolic extracts of fruit mesocarp (ME),
seed kernel (KE) and root (RE) of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. (desert date) plant grown in Israel using LC (RI)-ESI/MS and MALDI-TOF/MS. The structural assignment was carried
out by fragmentation experiments of LC (RI)-ESI/MS and literature data. The study has revealed that, all together, twenty-four
furostanol saponins were found in ME, KE and RE. Of these, four saponins are found only in ME, five only in KE and six only
in RE. Diosgenin was found to be the sole aglycone in all the saponins. The smallest saponin (MW 740 Da) was found with two
sugar units (glucose) and the largest saponin (MW 1678 Da) was found with eight sugar units (5 glucose, 2 rhamnose and 1 xylose)
attached to diosgenin. The results suggest that MALDI-TOF/MS with positive ion mode is particularly effective for determining
the metabolites of saponins in B. aegyptiaca plant tissues. MALDI-TOF/MS not only verified the results of the LC (RI)-ESI/MS, but also identified additional saponins
that are now systematically organized in a database of B. aegyptiaca saponins.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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Keywords: | Balanites aegyptiaca Metabolite profiling Saponins LC-ESI/MS MALDI-TOF/MS |
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