Genotoxicity of Tri- and Hexavalent Chromium Compounds In Vivo and Their Modes of Action on DNA Damage In Vitro
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| Authors: | Zhijia Fang Min Zhao Hong Zhen Lifeng Chen Ping Shi Zhiwei Huang |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.; 2. State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.; University of Kentucky, United States of America, |
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| Abstract: | Chromium occurs mostly in tri- and hexavalent states in the environment. Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI)] compounds are extensively used in diverse industries, and trivalent chromium Cr(III)] salts are used as micronutrients and dietary supplements. In the present work, we report that they both induce genetic mutations in yeast cells. They both also cause DNA damage in both yeast and Jurkat cells and the effect of Cr(III) is greater than that of Cr(VI). We further show that Cr(III) and Cr(VI) cause DNA damage through different mechanisms. Cr(VI) intercalates DNA and Cr(III) interferes base pair stacking. Based on our results, we conclude that Cr(III) can directly cause genotoxicity in vivo. |
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