Control of development of amylolytic and proteolytic activities in cotyledons of germinating black gram seeds

The effect of polyamines and related metabolites on several parameters of leaf senescence was followed in detached radish ( Raphanus sativus L. var. radicular cv. "Giant Butter") leaves floated on test solutions in darkness. Leaf senescence was accompanied by a marked loss of chlorophyll, which started at 24–48 h of incubation. The polyamines, spermine and spermidine, and the diamines, putrescine and cadaverine, were highly effective in arresting chlorophyll loss over a period of at least 96 h. l -arginine, and especially l -ornithine, were less active. Polyaminens prevented the marked chlorophyll loss in dark-incubated leaves, but did not compensate for the moderate chlorophyll loss when the leaves were aged in light. Polyamines were also highly effective in retarding earlier events of leaf senescence, prior to chlorophyll loss: both protein degradation and ribonuclease activity were inhibited by spermidine. Chlorophyll and protein loss in dark-or light-incubated suspensions of either "intact" or disrupted chloroplasts was not affected by polyamines. – It is concluded that polyamines are highly effective in preventing chlorophyll loss from detached leaves, possibly by controlling early senescence-linked events which occur in darkness rather than by direct inhibition of chlorophyll degradation.