Hormonal changes during the perinatal period: Serum testosterone,some of its precursors,and FSH and prolactin in preterm and fullterm male infant cord blood and during the first week of life |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, Centro de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940 C.P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Mexico;2. Departments of Morphology, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940 C.P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Mexico;3. Physiology and Pharmacology, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940 C.P. 20131, Aguascalientes, Mexico;1. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;3. Urology Department, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;4. Medical School, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;1. Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Experimental Neurology Unit, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain;2. Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA;3. Proteomics Core, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain;4. The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, USA;1. Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;2. Neurotrophic Factors and Neuronal Differentiation Team, Inserm U982, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;1. Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;2. School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;3. School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia;1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada;2. Aquaculture Program, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Department of Morphology, Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | To investigate fetal regulation of the endocrine testis during the third trimester of gestation, pregnenolone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, FSH and prolactin concentrations were measured in the umbilical circulation of 31–35 preterm (27–37 weeks) and 18–19 fullterm (39–42 weeks) male infants, and postnatally until 5 days of age in 27–39 fullterm male infants. 17-hydroxyprogesterone and prolactin concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.001) between 27–37 weeks of gestation; the other hormones measured were unchanged. The levels of progesterone in preterm infants, and prenenolone, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in the cord vein of fullterm infants were significantly (P < 0.001–0.05) higher than those in the cord artery. Androstenedione concentrations were similar in the cord artery and vein, and decreased less than pregnenolone, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone after birth, reflecting major androstenedione production in the fetus. Testosterone concentrations were higher (P < 0.01–0.05) in the cord artery than in the vein, both in preterm and fullterm infants, showing the main site of testosterone production to be the fetal compartment. Postnatally, testosterone increased clearly from concentrations of 0.25 ± 0.05 (SE) mg/ml in the cord artery and 0.10 ± 0.01 in the cord vein to 0.94 ± 0.14 ng/ml in the peripheral vein on the first postnatal day, and decreased thereafter clearly between 3–5 days. FSH did not change during the first 5 postnatal days. Concentrations of all the other hormones measured decreased significnatly after birth.It is concluded from the cord blood hormone levels of infants born between 27–42 weeks of gestation that: (1) The third trimester of gestation represents a stable phase of endocrine development with relatively small changes in circulating hormone levels; (2) Both the placenta and the fetus seem to be able to produce androstenedione in the perinatal period; and (3) The initial increase in testosterone after birth is indicative of the inhibitory effect of placental steriods on testicular endocrine function during the last trimester of gestation. |
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