Shooting darts: co-evolution and counter-adaptation in hermaphroditic snails |
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| Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Joris?M?KoeneEmail author Hinrich?Schulenburg |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Animal Ecology,Institute of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit,Amsterdam,The Netherlands;2.Department of Developmental and Behavioural Neurobiology,Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit,Amsterdam,The Netherlands;3.Department of Evolutionary Biology,Institute for Animal Evolution and Ecology, Westphalian Wilhelms-University,Münster,Germany;4.Department of Animal Evolutionary Ecology,Zoological Institute, University of Tübingen,Tübingen,Germany |
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| Abstract: | Background Evolutionary conflicts of interest between the sexes often lead to co-evolutionary arms races consisting of repeated arisal
of traits advantageous for one sex but harmful to the other sex, and counter-adaptations by the latter. In hermaphrodites,
these antagonistic interactions are at least an equally important driving force. Here, we investigate the evolution of one
of the most striking examples of sexual conflict in hermaphrodites, the so-called shooting of love-darts in land snails. Stabbing
this calcareous dart through the partner's skin ultimately increases paternity. This trait is obviously beneficial for the
shooter, but it manipulates sperm storage in the receiver. Hence, an arms race between the love-dart and the spermatophore
receiving organs may be expected. |
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