Structural karyotypic variability and polyploidy in natural populations of the South American <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lathyrus nervosus</Emphasis> Lam. (Fabaceae) |
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Authors: | Laura Chalup Marina Grabiele Viviana Solís Neffa Guillermo Seijo |
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Institution: | 1.Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET),Corrientes,Argentina;2.Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, UNNE),Corrientes,Argentina;3.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, UNNE),Corrientes,Argentina |
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Abstract: | Knowledge of the chromosome variation in wild populations is essential to understand the pathways and restrictions of karyotype
evolution in plants. The aim of this study is to conduct an intraspecific analysis of the karyotypes by fluorochrome banding
and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci detection by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and of the meiotic behaviour in natural
populations of Lathyrus nervosus, sect. Notolathyrus. Chromosome banding showed that, despite the high constancy in the karyotype formula and in the rDNA
loci among populations, there is intraspecific variation in the amount and distribution pattern of 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
(DAPI+) heterochromatin. However, those changes were not related to the total chromosome length of the haploid complements. This
fact demonstrates that structural chromosome changes may be one of the most important mechanisms for karyotype variation among
natural populations of L. nervosus. The chromosome number surveyed at the population level revealed the first case of polyploidy in South American species and
the first case of uneven polyploidy of the genus. All the chromosome markers analysed indicated that the polyploids found
originated by autopolyploidy. The meiotic analysis showed different chromosome abnormalities that may be generating numerical
and structural changes in the sporads. The finding of unreduced gametes that are alive at anthesis suggests sexual polyploidization
as the most probable mechanism involved in the origin of these 3x and 4x autopolyploid cytotypes in L. nervosus. |
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