Admixture of genetic lineages of different glacial origin: a case study of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies alba</Emphasis> Mill. in the Carpathians |
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Authors: | Dušan Gömöry Ladislav Paule Diana Krajmerová Ivana Romšáková Roman Longauer |
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Institution: | (1) Technical University in Zvolen, TG Masaryka 24, 96053 Zvolen, Slovakia;(2) National Forestry Centre, TG Masaryka 22, 96092 Zvolen, Slovakia |
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Abstract: | Genetic exchange between divergent lineages of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) was studied in the Ukrainian Carpathians where two expanding populations originating from different glacial refugia
meet. The study included 33 silver fir populations from Ukraine, Romania and Slovakia which were investigated using the maternally
inherited mitochondrial nad5-4 marker and biparentally inherited nuclear microsatellites. The boundary between mitochondrial lineages is very sharp; only
six populations containing a mixture of different haplotypes were found. Bayesian analysis of population structure based on
seven nSSR loci revealed the existence of two clusters which coincided fairly well with mitochondrial lineages. Both haplotype
frequencies and proportions of clusters identified by the Bayesian analysis exhibited a clinal transition over the contact
zone, with cline widths of 17.6 km for mitochondrial haplotype frequencies (reflecting gene flow by seeds) and 119.6 km for
Bayesian clusters based on nSSR (reflecting gene flow by pollen). Allelic richness and gene diversity differ significantly
between mitochondrial lineages, the Balkan group being more variable, but an increase in gene diversity towards the boundary
between lineages was observed only within the Balkan lineage. The observed patterns are suggested to reflect the postglacial
colonization and historical gene flow. They demonstrated that in silver fir as a wind-dispersed species, the colonization
front is quite continuous, and the survival of migrant seeds in already established populations is low. The relative contribution
of pollen-mediated gene flow to genetic exchange between divergent lineages associated with glacial refugia is much higher
than in the case of seeds, but pollen dispersal distance is lower than suggested by earlier studies. |
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