抗生素在环境中的转归及其生态毒性

抗生索被长期大量地用于人和动物的疾病治疗，并以亚治疗剂量添加于动物饲料长期用于动物疾病的预防和促进生长，大部分抗生紊不能完全被机体吸收，而有高达85％以上抗生素以原形或代谢物形式经由病人和畜禽粪尿排人环境，经不同途径对土壤和水体造成污染。最近研究显示在城市废水和表面水中检测到了抗生索的存在。但关于抗生素在环境中的分布、迁移和稳定性等的研究资料很少。环境中的抗生素会对环境生态系统包括细菌、水生生物、土壤生物和植物等产生危害，并产生大量耐药菌，对人类健康构成威胁。为评估抗生素在环境中潜在的危害，就抗生素在环境中的分布、转归及对环境和人的危害等方面进行综述，并对今后的研究方向作了探索。

The fate of antibiotics in environment and its ecotoxicology: A review

Large quantities of antibiotics are administered to humans and animals to treat diseases and infection every year, Antibiotics are also commonly used at sub-therapeutic levels to livestock to prevent diseases and promote growth. As results of incomplete metabolism and absorption, up to 85 % of administered antibiotics with the parent compound and their metabolites may be excreted into the environment via animal manure and human waste, and then be discharged to the soil and water system through different exposure routes. Recent studies had indicated the presence of antibiotics in municipal wastewater effluent and surface water. Despite the detection of antibiotics, little is known about their distribution, mobility and persistence in natural and engineered systems. Presence of antibiotics in environment could perturb ecosystem including bacteria, water and soil microorganism and plants, increase the proliferation of antibiotics-resistant pathogens, and could pose threats to human health.To assess the magnitude of the potential impacts of antibiotics released into environment, a review was conducted on theoccurrence, fate and environmental ecotoxicology of antibiotics in environment, and the possible future study was also discussed.