Biochronological framework for the late Galerian and early-middle Aurelian Mammal Ages of peninsular Italy |
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| Institution: | 1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Rome, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze, sezione di Geologia, Università degli Studi “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy;3. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy;4. Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA;1. ICREA, Barcelona, Spain;2. IPHES, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, Campus Sescelades, Edifici W3, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;3. Area de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avda. Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain;4. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, C/ de les columnes sn, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;5. Museo de Prehistoria y Paleontología, 18858 Orce, Spain;6. Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Malaga, Spain;7. National Museum of Eritrea, P.O. Box 5284, Asmara, Eritrea;1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Torino, Italy;3. Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain;4. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Università di Roma, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;1. School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran;3. Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, 8000 Northern Boulevard, 11568 Old Westbury, NY, USA;4. Department of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, 10024 New York, NY, USA;1. IPHES, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Campus Sescelades URV, Edifici W3, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;2. URV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Àrea de Prehistòria, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain;3. UOC, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Avinguda del Tibidabo 39-43, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;4. Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Grupo Aragosaurus-IUCA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Área de Paleontología, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;5. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of Beijing (IVPP), China;1. Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, 06123, Perugia, Italy;2. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, c/ Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;3. Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK;4. Dipartimento di Storia, Disegno e Restauro dell’Architettura, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy;5. Musée de Préhistoire Régionale de Menton, 06500, Menton, France;1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra ‘Ardito Desio’, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 34, I-20133 Milan, Italy;2. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;4. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA |
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| Abstract: | Following a recent chronostratigraphic revision of 17 fossiliferous sites hosting assemblages constituting local faunas of the Aurelian Mammal Age for peninsular Italy, we provide a re-structured biochronological framework and discuss the current validity and significance of the middle Pleistocene Faunal Units (FU) for this region. Contrasting with the previous model of a wide faunal renewal during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 9 (～ 330 ka), the First Occurrences (FO) of several species of the Torre in Pietra FU are significantly backdated and referred to the Fontana Ranuccio FU (530–400 ka). We show that the faunal renewal was more gradual and occurred earlier than previously assumed. Many taxa that are typical of the late Pleistocene register their FO in the Fontana Ranuccio FU, latest Galerian, which is characterized by the almost total disappearance of Villafranchian taxa and by the persistence of typical Galerian taxa such as Dama clactoniana, Bison schoetensacki and Ursus deningeri, and by the FO of Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis, S. hemitoechus, Hippopotamus amphibius, Cervus elaphus eostepahnoceros, Ursus spelaeus, Canis lupus, and Vulpes vulpes. The next Torre in Pietra FU is characterized only by the FO of Megaloceros giganteus and Mustela putorius. However, we observe that MIS 9 marks the actual moment when the faunal assemblages of this region are represented only by those taxa characterizing the late middle Pleistocene and late Pleistocene. For this reason, we propose to still consider the Torre in Pietra (lower levels) local fauna as a conventional boundary for the Galerian-Aurelian transition. Finally, we remark that the strong faunal renewal in MIS 13, with five FOs, coincides with the temperate climatic conditions due to the absence of marked glacial periods that could have favored the FO and the subsequent spread of these taxa. |
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| Keywords: | Galerian Aurelian Mammal Age Biochronology Chronostratigraphy Middle Pleistocene Peninsular Italy |
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