Cold tolerance and supercooling points of two ladybird beetles (Col.: Coccinellidae): Impact of the diet |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada;2. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada;3. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada;4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515300, China;1. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA;2. Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA;3. Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70820, USA |
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Abstract: | Ladybird beetles have successfully been used to control different pests. Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) and Oenopia conglobata contaminata)Menetries((Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are two dominant and efficient predators of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem.: Psyllidae) in Iran. In the current study, the impact of two diets, i.e., nymphs of A. pistaciae and eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae), were investigated on the cold hardiness, supercooling point (SCP), and lethal temperature of different life stages of the coccinellids. The results suggested that the eggs of E. kuehniella are a suitable diet for both predators. In general, beetles of O. conglobata contaminata were more cold tolerant than those of C. sexmaculata. The SCP of the adults of C. sexmaculata, feeding on psyllid was about −15 °C, whereas the SCP of the beetles, feeding on the eggs of flour moth, was about −19 °C. However, the diets had no significant effects on the SCP of O. conglobata contaminata. For both ladybird beetles, eggs were the most sensitive stage, and adulthood was the most tolerant developmental stage. No eggs survived at zero and subzero temperatures. The survival of C. sexmaculata increased from 6.25% for adults fed on psyllids to 13.75% for those fed on flour moth eggs after 24 h exposure to cold at −4 °C. The survival of O. conglobata contaminata adults after exposure to cold at −4 °C for 24 h raised from 28.75% for adults fed on psyllids to 42.50% for those fed on flour moth eggs. Regardless of the diet, both beetles were considered to be chill-intolerant insects as the most mortality occurred above the SCP. |
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Keywords: | Coccinellids Supercooling point Cold hardiness Lethal temperature Factitious food |
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