Technique and preliminary findings for in vivo quantification of brain motion during injurious head impacts |
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| Institution: | 1. Orthopaedic Injury Biomechanics Group, Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Orthopaedics and the School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;2. International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Canada;3. Centre for Comparative Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;4. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;1. Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States;2. Anesthesiology Service, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States;1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, M10 - Purdy Pavilion, 2221 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada;2. Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada;3. Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada;3. Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;4. Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;2. Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;1. Laboratory for Brain Injury and Dementia, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia;2. Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada;3. Research Center of CHU of Québec, Neurosciences, Quebec, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Computational models of the human brain are widely used in the evaluation and development of helmets and other protective equipment. These models are often attempted to be validated using cadaver tissue displacements despite studies showing neural tissue degrades quickly after death. Addressing this limitation, this study aimed to develop a technique for quantifying living brain motion in vivo using a closed head impact animal model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) called CHIMERA. We implanted radiopaque markers within the brain of three adult ferrets and resealed the skull while the animals were anesthetized. We affixed additional markers to the skull to track skull kinematics. The CHIMERA device delivered controlled, repeatable head impacts to the head of the animals while the impacts were fluoroscopically stereo-visualized. We observed that 1.5 mm stainless steel fiducials (∼8 times the density of the brain) migrated from their implanted positions while neutral density targets remained in their implanted position post-impact. Brain motion relative to the skull was quantified in neutral density target tests and showed increasing relative motion at higher head impact severities. We observed the motion of the brain lagged behind that of the skull, similar to previous studies. This technique can be used to obtain a comprehensive dataset of in vivo brain motion to validate computational models reflecting the mechanical properties of the living brain. The technique would also allow the mechanical response of in vivo brain tissue to be compared to cadaveric preparations for investigating the fidelity of current human computational brain models. |
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| Keywords: | Brain motion Mechanical properties Head impact Traumatic brain injury |
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