Adaptive changes in micromechanical environments of cancellous and cortical bone in response to in vivo loading and disuse |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing, China;2. Musculoskeletal Biology and Mechanics Lab, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, IN, USA;3. Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, IN, USA;4. School of Medicine, Indiana University, IN, USA;1. Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movements Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;2. Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA;3. Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy;2. Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands;3. Technologic s.r.l., Torino, Italy;4. University of Milan, Milan, Italy;5. Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, UO Nuclear Medicine-Bone Metabolic Unit, Milano, Italy;1. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;2. Roth|McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph’s Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;4. Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;1. Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Air Force Academy, Cheongju 28187, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The skeleton accommodates changes in mechanical environments by increasing bone mass under increased loads and decreasing bone mass under disuse. However, little is known about the adaptive changes in micromechanical behavior of cancellous and cortical tissues resulting from loading or disuse. To address this issue, in vivo tibial loading and hindlimb unloading experiments were conducted on 16-week-old female C57BL/6J mice. Changes in bone mass and tissue-level strains in the metaphyseal cancellous and midshaft cortical bone of the tibiae, resulting from loading or unloading, were determined using microCT and finite element (FE) analysis, respectively. We found that loading- and unloading-induced changes in bone mass were more pronounced in the cancellous than cortical bone. Simulated FE-loading showed that a greater proportion of elements experienced relatively lower longitudinal strains following load-induced bone adaptation, while the opposite was true in the disuse model. While the magnitudes of maximum or minimum principal strains in the metaphyseal cancellous and midshaft cortical bone were not affected by loading, strains oriented with the long axis were reduced in the load-adapted tibia suggesting that loading-induced micromechanical benefits were aligned primarily in the loading direction. Regression analyses demonstrated that bone mass was a good predictor of bone tissue strains for the cortical bone but not for the cancellous bone, which has complex microarchitecture and spatially-variant strain environments. In summary, loading-induced micromechanical benefits for cancellous and cortical tissues are received primarily in the direction of force application and cancellous bone mass may not be related to the micromechanics of cancellous bone. |
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| Keywords: | In vivo tibial loading Hindlimb unloading Bone adaptation microCT Finite element analysis |
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