Effect of freezing and thawing on the biomechanical characteristics of porcine ocular tissues |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK;2. School of Engineering, Menoufia University, Egypt;3. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK;4. Department of Civil Engineering, Beni-Suef University, Egypt;5. School of Biological Science and Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China;1. Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Department of Chemical and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of El Salvador, Ciudad Universitaria, San Salvador, El Salvador;1. Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada;2. Weill Cornell Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar;3. IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada;1. School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, United Kingdom;2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 132222, Jordan;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;2. Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;1. The Affiliated Eye Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China;2. The Institution of Ocular Biomechanics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325027, China;3. School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GH, UK;4. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, UK;1. Key Laboratory of Biorheological and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China;2. The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China;3. Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA;4. Advanced Materials Lab, Polytechnic and Base Science School of University of Campania, San Lorenzo, 81031, Italy |
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| Abstract: | PurposeTo evaluate the effect of freezing and thawing on the biomechanical properties of ex-vivo porcine ocular tissue.MethodsThirty-six porcine eyes (18 pairs) were obtained fresh from a local abattoir and split into two groups of nine pairs to study the effect of storage at −20 °C and −80 °C. A randomly-selected eye from each pair (Control Group, CG) was tested fresh while the fellow eyes were frozen for 14 days, either at −20 °C and −80 °C (Frozen Group, FG) before thawing and testing. Seventy-two strips were extracted from the corneas and scleras of eye globes and subjected to uniaxial tension tests under loads up to 1.0 N. Following five preconditioning cycles, the load and elongation data obtained experimentally were analysed to derive the tissue’s stress-strain and tangent modulus-strain behaviour.ResultsCorneal tissue subjected to freezing at −20 °C exhibited significant increases in tangent modulus (mechanical stiffness) by 13 ± 17% (p = 0.003) at 1% strain and 14 ± 12% (p < 0.001) at 2% strain. In contrast, the increases in corneal stiffness at −80 °C were insignificant (6 ± 14%, p = 0.099 at 1% strain, 6 ± 15%, p = 0.091 at 2% strain). The corresponding increases in tangent modulus in the sclera were all insignificant (for −20 °C: 4 ± 14%, p = 0.265 at 1% strain, 3 ± 9%, p = 0.186 at 2% strain; for −80 °C: 3 ± 18%, p = 0.537 at 1% strain and 3 ± 18%, p = 0.491 at 2% strain).ConclusionsThe study provided evidence that freezing and thawing led to insignificant changes in ocular tissue stiffness except in corneal tissue that was frozen at −20 °C. |
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| Keywords: | Freezing Biomechanical characteristics Porcine eye Cornea Sclera |
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