Mitofusin-2 is a major determinant of oxidative stress-mediated heart muscle cell apoptosis

An inexorable loss of terminally differentiated heart muscle cells is a crucial causal factor for heart failure. Here, we have provided several lines of evidence to demonstrate that mitofusin-2 (Mfn-2; also called hyperplasia suppressor gene), a member of the mitofusin family, is a major determinant of oxidative stress-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. First, oxidative stress with H(2)O(2) led to concurrent increases in Mfn-2 expression and apoptosis in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Second, overexpression of Mfn-2 to a level similar to that induced by H(2)O(2) was sufficient to trigger myocyte apoptosis, which is associated with profound inhibition of Akt activation without altering ERK1/2 signaling. Third, Mfn-2 silencing inhibited oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells, a cardiac muscle cell line. Furthermore, Mfn-2-induced myocyte apoptosis was abrogated by inhibition of caspase-9 (but not caspase-8) and by overexpression of Bcl-x(L) or enhanced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt, suggesting that inhibition of Akt signaling and activation of the mitochondrial death pathway are essentially involved in Mfn-2-induced heart muscle cell apoptosis. These results indicate that increased cardiac Mfn-2 expression is both necessary and sufficient for oxidative stress-induced heart muscle cell apoptosis, suggesting that Mfn-2 deregulation may be a crucial pathogenic element and a potential therapeutic target for heart failure.