宋朝中国人的姓氏分布与群体结构分化

姓氏是一种十分有用的文化遗传因子，它的传递方式类似于Ｙ染色体的表现。１０００年前宋朝（公元９６０￣１１７９年）中国人姓氏频率的分布，是一组十分吻合Ｋａｒｌｉｎ－ＭｃＧｒｅｇｏｒ的中性等位基因分布理论的随机数据。１６个省区的姓氏种类丰度的相对参数α和迁移率的相对参数ｖ的分析，反映了这一时期的中国人群的迁移和人群间混合的程度。姓氏遗传距离和现状聚类图的分析，表明在１０００年前的宋朝中国人群已经形成了南

The Study of the Distribution of Chinese Surnames and the Diversity of Genetic Population Structure in the Song Dynasty

Surname in China, as a cultural genetic factor, is a very huge and remarkable human population study resource. The transmission feature of surname has been proved to be similar to that of the genetic markers on Y chromosome of males. It therefore, has been applied in the population genetic studies since 1965's. In the present study, we have analyzed a group of Chinese surname data of the Song dynasty (AD. 960-1179). The distribution of the present surname data is corresponded with the Kariin-McGregor's neutral allele model. The surname abundance a and the migration rate parameter v in the Song dynasty in 16 provincial regions reflected degrees of migration and admixture at that time. Surname phylogenetic dendrogram analysis demonstrated that the Han Chinese had been segregated into North and South two parts in Song dynasty of 1000 years ago. Wuyi and Nanling Mountains divided Northern and Southern Han populations into the two major parts of Han Chinese. The results also showed that the surname distribution of Song dynasty 1000 years ago was quite similar to the present model. The 100 high frequency surnames in Song dynasty were well corresponded with the current surname distribution. This phenomenon suggests that Chinese surnames have been steadily transmitted from ancient to the present. The present study improved that the Chinese surname is a very important genetic resource for the studies of structure of the Chinese populations, migration, and affinities among different populations.