Monophyly of the Citharidae (Pleuronectoidei: Pleuronectiformes: Teleostei) with considerations of pleuronectoid phylogeny |
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Authors: | Koichi Hoshino |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 20560-0159, USA (e-mail: hoshino.kouichi@nmnh.si.edu), US |
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Abstract: | The monophyly of Citharidae, the pleuronectoid family thought to be a transitional group between the Psettodoidei and other
typical pleuronectoids, has been in question mainly because of the lack of recognized synapomorphies for the family. In this
study, the citharid skeleton is described, and the monophyly of the family and its phylogenetic position within the Pleuronectoidei
are reassessed following a phylogenetic analysis based on 45 osteological, myological, and external characters. The Citharidae
was found to represent a monophyletic group, supported by six synapomorphies (e.g., first dorsal proximal radials firmly wedged
into notch of blind side lateral ethmoid; anterior dorsal proximal radials tightly mutually attached; blind side posterior
nostril considerably enlarged). Two previously recognized subfamilies, sinistral Citharinae and dextral Brachypleurinae, are
invalid because of their nonmonophylies. Interrelationships of the pleuronectoids shown herein are discussed.
Received: February 19, 2001 / Revised: July 10, 2001 / Accepted: July 23, 2001 |
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Keywords: | Citharidae Pleuronectoidei Pleuronectiformes Phylogeny |
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