Characterization of the motility of maturing rat spermatozoa by computer-aided objective measurement.

A computer-aided sperm analysis system was optimized for objective assessment of the movement characteristics of mature and immature rat spermatozoa by testing different settings. Measurements of straight line velocity of individual motile cells were validated by manual tracking with a digitizer. Better agreement between the two methods and better performance in distinguishing between mature and immature spermatozoa was obtained by reducing the tracking rate to increase the time of analysis. However, numbers of motile and immotile cells could not be determined accurately. Manual counting of videotaped images revealed no significant differences in percentage motility of spermatozoa from five epididymal regions. Caput spermatozoa were characterized by low straight-line (VSL) and averaged-path (VAP) velocities and low path straightness (STR), whereas mature cells displayed high VSL, VAP and STR. An increase in curvilinear velocity on maturation was less obvious. Spermatozoa in the proximal corpus epididymidis were heterogeneous in their acquisition of motility maturation and the uniformity of movement pattern achieved in the distal corpus and proximal cauda regions tended to decrease again in the distal cauda epididymidis. Such objective measurements of motility patterns will facilitate studies on the regulation of motility development upon sperm maturation.