Gedanken über die Intelligenz von Tieren

Thoughts about animal intelligence To give a short and clear definition of what means “animal intelligence” it's necessary to find the connection between different methods of “learning” processes: Habituation, trial and error resp. classical and instrumental conditioning, play behavior, imitation, insight learning and imprinting. Some examples try to explain animal intelligence by human mind, and to find out the difference between “ability” as a genetic tool and intelligent behavior far from genetic influence (pressure?). Animals are able to behave independent without any manipulation – they act by fun, they act as free ranging animals.