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Rise of oceanographic barriers in continuous populations of a cetacean: the genetic structure of harbour porpoises in Old World waters |
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| Authors: | Michaël C Fontaine Stuart JE Baird Sylvain Piry Nicolas Ray Krystal A Tolley Sarah Duke Alexei Birkun Jr Marisa Ferreira Thierry Jauniaux Ángela Llavona Bayram Öztürk Ayaka A Öztürk Vincent Ridoux Emer Rogan Marina Sequeira Ursula Siebert Gísli A Vikingsson Jean-Marie Bouquegneau Johan R Michaux |
| Institution: | 1. MARE – Laboratory for Oceanology, University of Liège, Bat B6c, Liège (Sart Tilman), 4000, Belgium 2. INRA, UMR CBGP (INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro), Campus international de Baillarguet, 30016, F-34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, CS, France 3. Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Laboratory, Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland 4. Marine Mammal Division, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway 5. Molecular Systematics Laboratory, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, 7735, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa 6. Department of Zoology, University College, Dublin, Ireland 7. Laboratory of Biotechnological Research in Ecology, Medicine and Aquaculture (BREMA), Simferopol, Ukraine 8. Portuguese Wildlife Society Esta??o de Campo de Quiaios, Apt 16 EC Quiaios., 3081-101, Figueira da Foz, Portugal 9. Department of Pathology, Veterinary College, Sart Tilman B43, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium 10. Coordinadora para o Estudio dos Mamiferos MAri?os, CEMMA, Gondomar, Spain 11. Faculty of Fisheries, Istanbul University, Ordu Cad., 200, Laleli-Istanbul, Turkey 12. Centre de Recherche sur les Mammifères Marins, Institut de la Mer et du Littoral, Avenue du Lazaret, Port des Minimes, 17000, La Rochelle, France 13. Department of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science, University College, Cork, Ireland 14. Instituto da Conserva??o da Natureza, Rua de Santa Marta, 55, 1150-999, Lisboa, Portugal 15. Forschungs- und Technologie Zentrum, Westküste, Universit?t Kiel, Hafent?rn 1, 25761, Büsum, Germany 16. Marine Research Institute, Skúlagata 4, P.O. Box 1390, 121, Reykjavík, Iceland 17. Génétique des Microorganismes, Département des Sciences de la Vie, Institut de Botanique B22, Université de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium |
| Abstract: | BackgroundUnderstanding the role of seascape in shaping genetic and demographic population structure is highly challenging for marine pelagic species such as cetaceans for which there is generally little evidence of what could effectively restrict their dispersal. In the present work, we applied a combination of recent individual-based landscape genetic approaches to investigate the population genetic structure of a highly mobile extensive range cetacean, the harbour porpoise in the eastern North Atlantic, with regards to oceanographic characteristics that could constrain its dispersal.ResultsAnalyses of 10 microsatellite loci for 752 individuals revealed that most of the sampled range in the eastern North Atlantic behaves as a 'continuous' population that widely extends over thousands of kilometres with significant isolation by distance (IBD). However, strong barriers to gene flow were detected in the south-eastern part of the range. These barriers coincided with profound changes in environmental characteristics and isolated, on a relatively small scale, porpoises from Iberian waters and on a larger scale porpoises from the Black Sea.ConclusionThe presence of these barriers to gene flow that coincide with profound changes in oceanographic features, together with the spatial variation in IBD strength, provide for the first time strong evidence that physical processes have a major impact on the demographic and genetic structure of a cetacean. This genetic pattern further suggests habitat-related fragmentation of the porpoise range that is likely to intensify with predicted surface ocean warming. |
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