Salt-induced modulation in growth,photosynthetic capacity,proline content and ion accumulation in sunflower (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Helianthus annuus</Emphasis> L.) |
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Authors: | Muhammad Shahbaz Muhammad Ashraf Nudrat Aisha Akram Asma Hanif Shumaila Hameed Sundus Joham Rehana Rehman |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;(2) King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; |
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Abstract: | Salt-induced changes in growth, photosynthetic pigments, various gas exchange characteristics, relative membrane permeability
(RMP), relative water content (RWC) and ion accumulation were examined in a greenhouse experiment on eight sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars. Sunflower cultivars, namely Hysun-33, Hysun-38, M-3260, S-278, Alstar-Rm, Nstt-160, Mehran-II and Brocar were
subjected to non-stress (0 mM NaCl) or salt stress (150 mM NaCl) in sand culture. On the basis of percent reduction in shoot
biomass, cvs. Hysun-38 and Nstt-160 were found to be salt tolerant, cvs. Hysun-33, M-3260, S-278 and Mehran-II moderately
tolerant and Alstar-Rm and Brocar salt sensitive. Salt stress markedly reduced growth, different gas exchange characteristics
such as photosynthetic rate (A), water-use efficiency (WUE) calculated as A/E, transpiration rate (E), internal CO2 concentration (C
i) and stomatal conductance (g
s) in all cultivars. The effect of 150 mM NaCl stress was non-significant on chlorophyll a and b contents, chlorophyll a/b ratio, RWC, RMP and leaf and root Cl−, K+ and P contents; however, salt stress markedly enhanced C
i
/C
a ratio, free proline content and leaf and root Na+ concentrations in all sunflower cultivars. Of all cultivars, cv. Hysun-38 was higher in gas exchange characteristics, RWC
and proline contents as compared with the other cultivars. Overall, none of the earlier-mentioned physiological attributes
except leaf K+/Na+ ratio was found to be effective in discriminating the eight sunflower cultivars as the response of each cultivar to salt
stress appraised using various physiological attributes was cultivar-specific. |
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