Taxonomic problems in Carthamus (Asteraceae): RAPD markers and sectional classification

Recent molecular studies have clarified the problem of the generic limits of Carthamus . However, taxonomic problems remain in the sectional classification: section Carthamus was confirmed as a natural group, but molecular phylogenies based on DNA sequences did not resolve the other sections, resulting in a confusing conglomerate. A survey based on RAPD markers has been carried out in this conflicting group of sections, with the aim of evaluating the usefulness of these markers at the section and species levels. On the basis of the results, correlated with morphological and karyological characters, some recommendations are made in relation to the taxonomy of Carthamus . The number of sections is reduced from five to two: section Thamnacanthus is currently classified as a different genus, Phonus ; section Carthamus s.s. is retained in its present delimitation, and section Atractylis is redefined, including current sections Atractylis , Lepidopappus and Odontagnathius . The commonly accepted treatment of some taxa as subspecies is not well founded, and C. alexandrinus , C. creticus , C. tenuis and C. turkestanicus should be considered as independent species. Our results confirm that methodological problems posed by RAPD markers can be avoided by careful laboratory procedures and appropriate data analyses; they also suggest that this kind of marker is useful at low taxonomic levels and is, furthermore, complementary to DNA sequence analysis.  © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 147 , 375–383.