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家畜粪便堆肥对番茄青枯病、土壤酶活性及土壤微生物功能多样性的影响
引用本文:赵娜,林威鹏,蔡昆争,王建武.家畜粪便堆肥对番茄青枯病、土壤酶活性及土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(19):5327-5337.
作者姓名:赵娜  林威鹏  蔡昆争  王建武
作者单位:华南农业大学农业部生态农业重点开放实验室,广州,510642
基金项目:国家重点基础研究计划(2006CB1002006);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89B14)
摘    要:合理施用堆肥能够有效地改善植物的生长条件和土壤的生态环境,从而提高植物对病害的抗性。通过盆栽实验,研究了家畜堆肥浸渍液及堆肥混土对番茄青枯病的防治效果及其对土壤酶活性和土壤微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明,家畜堆肥浸渍液及堆肥混土均对番茄青枯病有一定防治效果,以体积分数1∶1、1∶3的浸渍液处理和质量分数10%的堆肥混土处理效果较好,分别降低病情指数69.4%,31.5%和13.0%。而且浸渍液处理效果优于堆肥混土处理,浓度越高抗病效果越明显。堆肥混土处理可提高土壤脲酶活性,对蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性影响不大;1∶1堆肥浸渍液处理能显著提高土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性。基于BIOLOG方法的土壤微生物群落功能研究表明,两种堆肥处理的平均每孔变化率(AWCD)值、Shannon多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数均较对照减小,而对于Alatalo均匀度指数则没有显著影响。不同堆肥处理间微生物碳源利用存在较大差异,堆肥混土处理的主要碳源是糖类和羧酸类物质,而浸渍液处理则是糖类和氨基酸类物质。通过主成分分析得到的堆肥处理聚类结果与各种处理的抗病性强弱分类情况相吻合,且与AWCD值、Shannon多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数的强弱分类也大致吻合。研究表明,施用家畜粪便堆肥主要通过改变土壤微生物群落多样性和土壤酶活性,提高番茄植株的抗病性。

关 键 词:堆肥  番茄  青枯病  土壤酶活性  BIOLOG  土壤微生物多样性  主成分分析
收稿时间:9/8/2009 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:2009/12/30 0:00:00

Impacts of livestock waste compost on tomato bacterial wilt, soil enzyme activity and soil microbial functional diversity
Cai Kunzheng,Zhao N,Lin Weipeng and Wang Jianwu.Impacts of livestock waste compost on tomato bacterial wilt, soil enzyme activity and soil microbial functional diversity[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(19):5327-5337.
Authors:Cai Kunzheng  Zhao N  Lin Weipeng and Wang Jianwu
Institution:Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University
Abstract:Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum,is the most important bacterial disease of tomato crops,traditional chemical control is limited because of its efficiency and also it may result in serious negative effects to the environment.Soil amendment with compost has been a viable agronomical practice alternative to suppress disease as well as an attractive waste management strategy.The addition of mature compost to soil improves soil ecological environment and favors plant development,thereby strengthe...
Keywords:compost  tomato  bacterial wilt  soil enzyme activity  BIOLOG  soil microbial functional diversity  principal component analysis
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