人类活动对泰山景观多样性时空变化的影响

人类活动改变景观格局多样性,同时又是景观异质性的一个主要来源。采用1986年和2001年两期的遥感数据,研究了泰山二十世纪80年代中期以来景观多样性的时空变化特征以及人类活动对该地区景观格局的影响。结果表明,在泰山地区,人类活动的强弱与景观的破碎化表现出一定的相关性,人类作用强的地区景观斑块面积较小,作用弱的地区斑块面积较大。人为活动改变了荒山荒地,生态恶化受到一定的遏止,但是人类活动的经济目的性较强,道路、居民地、旅游景点等人为景观的出现越来越影响着区域内的景观生态格局,表明缺乏有效管理和监测的人为影响将进一步威胁人类对景观的管理成果。

Effect of human activities on spatial-temporal changes of landscape diversity in the Mountain Tai

Human activities, which is an important driving force of landscape heterogeneity, can change the landscape pattern diversity. The spatial-temporal change of landscape pattern has been distinctly defined by many researches recently. A case study of Mountain Tai in Shandong province, eastern China, was performed to develop the appropriate analysis and assessment techniques to quantify the nature and magnitude of landscape structural changes within the upland. Based on the Landsat TM images and field survey data, the changing of landscape diversity with altitude, landscape heterogeneity and landscape dynamics from 1986 to 2001 were analyzed by aids of 3S techniques in eight regions of Taishan. Landscape pattern indices were calculated with geographic information system (GIS) and Patch Analyst program FRAGSTATS software. Results indicated that the relationships between the landscape change and human activities were positively related. The corridors of forest vegetation have been fragmentized, and the patches were isolated and become smaller. The areas of landscape patches were negatively significant related to the intensity of human activity. The areas of patches were small under the high intensity, and large under the low intensity. Human activities were greatly affected on the regional landscape diversity. It revealed that any unconsidered disturbance to the landscape system could be a factor of regional landscape diversity changing. So human disturbance could reach to the area where human did not directly act on. Some effects, due to failing managements or other misplaying, could become an important minatory potential to landscape system.