Features of active control used in pharmacological studies |
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Authors: | Nikol'skaia K A Kondashevskaia M V |
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Institution: | Moscow State University, 119899, Moscow, Vorobyovi Gory, Russia. |
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Abstract: | The effects of 5 injections of salt solution and unfractionary heparin in dose 0.36 microgram/kg (Serva, Germany 10 kDa, activity 180 U/mg) have been studied in Wistar rats. It was found that two injections of salt solution were enough to form a stable defensive state in all rats which was manifested as an expectation of pain in tail-flick testing. The defensive motivation provoked by the injections negatively influenced the learning process as saline-induced rats refused to solve a food-getting task in a problem situation. Explorative and locomotor activities were depressed in these rats and were accompanied by numerous stressful and neurotic-like manifestations. Unlike saline-rats, practically all heparinized-rats instead of 45% of intact rats were able to solve a cognitive task despite the injections. Anxiety was decreased, but sensitivity to different external factors was increased in the heparin-induced rats. Formed habit in these rats was characterized by a high organization and stability. However, the majority heparin effects in tail-flick test were discovered when comparing the heparin-induced rats with intact ones and were not observed in comparison with the saline-rats. It is suggested that the saline-control should be considered as specific control having defensive features which are necessary to take into account in interpretation of effects of other pharmacological preparations. |
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