我国城乡地区卫生人力资源分布的公平性分析

目的:了解我国卫生人力资源的配置现状及其变化趋势,尤其是卫生人力资源在城乡地区的分布状况,评价我国城乡卫生人力资源配置的公平性。方法:对2004-2011年的相关数据进行统计描述,用基尼系数测量卫生资源配置的公平程度及其变化。结果:农村地区卫生人力资源在数量上仍然处于极大的劣势,卫生人力构成以中专为主,中专及以下学历人员占大多数,人员素质相对城市有较大差距,提供卫生服务的能力相对薄弱。我国2004年到2011年我国卫生人力资源量逐年增加,各项指标较2004年的增幅都达到了10%以上,每千人口卫生技术人员数稳步上升,但是城镇和乡村上升速度相差巨大。卫生人力资源基尼系数按地理分布在0.13~0.25之间,连续5年一直上升。结论:我国卫生人力资源配置总体上均衡,但是公平性在下降,医师的公平性优于护士,城乡差距较大,应该重点加强农村经济发展,改善医疗卫生条件,建立健全农村卫生人才队伍培养机制。

Equity Analysis of the Distribution of Health Human Resources in Rural and Urban Areas in China

Objective:To understand the configuration status and change trend of China''s human resources for health, especially the distribution of human resources for health in rural and urban areas, and evaluate the allocation of urban and rural health human resource in China.Methods:The target data from 2004 to 2011 was discribed statistically, and the fairness of the allocation of health resources and its changes by Gini coefficient was measured.Results:The quantity of human resources for health in rural areas was much less than the demands, and the educational background of health workforce in rural areas was mainly technical secondary, lower than the urban areas''. However, the ability to provide health services was relatively weak. From 2004 to 2011, the quantity of human resources in China had increased year by year, and the indicators increased more than 10% compared with 2004. The number of health workers per thousand people was steadily rising, but the increasing rate of towns and villages was much different. The Gini coefficient of health human resources was between 0.13 and 0.25 by geographic distribution, and had been on the rise for five consecutive years.Conclusion:Health human resources in China was balanced generally. But equity was on the decline, nurses even worse for nurses than physician. We should develop the economical and medical conditions of rural areas, and establish and improve rural health personnel trainingmechanism.