Thermodynamic aspects of cell spreading on solid substrata |
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Authors: | J M Schakenraad H J Busscher Ch R H Wildevuur J Arends |
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Institution: | (1) Centre for Medical Elektron Microscopy, University of Groningen, Oostersingel 69/2, 9713 EZ Groningen, The Netherlands;(2) Laboratory for Materia Technica, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;(3) Department of Cardiopulmonary Surgery, Research Division, Academic Hospital Groningen, Oostersingel 59, 9713 EZ Groningen, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | To verify the validity of thermodynamic approaches to the prediction of cellular behavior, cell spreading of three different
cell types on solid substrata was determined in vitro. Solid substrata as well as cell types were selected on the basis of
their surface free energies, calculated from contact angle measurements. The surface free energies of the solid substrata
ranged from 18–116 erg cm−2. To measure contact angles on cells, a technique was developed in which a multilayer of cells was deposited on a filter and
air dried. Cell surface free energies ranged from 60 erg cm−2 for fibroblasts, and 57 for smooth muscle cells, to 91 for HeLa epithelial cells. After adsorption of serum proteins, cell
surface free energies of all three cell types converged to approx 74 erg cm−2. The spreading of these cell types from RPMI 1640 medium on the various solid substrata showed that both in the presence
and in the absence of serum proteins in the medium, cells spread poorly on low energy substrata (Y
s
<50 erg cm−2), whereas good cell spreading was observed on the higher energy substrata. Calculations of the interfacial free energy of
adhesion (ΔF
adh) show that ΔF
adh decreases with increasingY
s
, and equals zero around 45 erg cm−2 for all three cell types in the presence of serum proteins and for HeLa epithelium cells in the absence of serum proteins.
This explains the spreading of these cells on the various substrata upon a thermodynamic basis. The results clearly show that
substratum surface free energy has a predictive value with respect to cell spreading in vitro, both in the presence and absence
of serum proteins. It is noted, however, that interfacial thermodynamics fail to explain the behavior of fibroblasts and smooth
muscle cells in the absence of serum proteins, most likely because of the relatively high surface charges of these two cell
types. |
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Keywords: | Cell spreading surface free energy interfacial free energy of adhesion fibroblasts smooth muscle cells HeLa epithelium |
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