Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the membrane-bound protein complexes, including photosystem I, of thylakoid membranes in the presence of sodium oligooxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate/dimethyl dodecylamine oxide and sodium dodecyl sulfate

Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), using a mixture of sodium oligooxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate and dimethyl dodecylamine oxide as detergents (AES-DDAO mixture) in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the second dimension, was developed and applied to an analysis of the photosystem I (PS I) complex in thylakoid membranes prepared from spinach chloroplasts. When thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts were solubilized directly in the AES-DDAO mixture and subjected to PAGE in the presence of these detergents as the first dimension, some protein complexes containing chlorophyll were observed. The protein components in these complexes separated into an array of polypeptide spots when the strip of gel after PAGE in the first dimension was subjected to PAGE in the presence of SDS as the second dimension. The main band of protein which separated in the first dimension was demonstrated to be the PS I complex. This complex retained the intrinsic photochemical activity of P700 even after it was subjected to one-dimensional PAGE. These results suggest that certain protein complexes can be separated, with the maintenance of their original structures, by electrophoresis in the presence of the AES-DDAO mixture, and this method appears to have valuable potential for analysis of the components of membrane-bound protein complexes.