A reassessment of the role of propagule pressure in influencing fates of passerine introductions to New Zealand |
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Authors: | Michael P Moulton Jr" target="_blank">Wendell P CropperJr Michael L Avery |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430, USA;(2) School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611-0410, USA;(3) National Wildlife Research Center, USDA Wildlife Services, 2820 East University Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32641, USA |
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Abstract: | Several studies have argued that principal factor in determining the fate of bird introductions is introduction effort. In
large part, these studies have emerged from analyses of historical records from a single place—New Zealand. Here we raise
two concerns about these conclusions. First, we argue that although many bird species were introduced repeatedly to New Zealand,
in many cases the introductions apparently occurred only after the species were already successfully naturalized. The inclusion
of such seemingly superfluous introductions may exaggerate the importance of propagule pressure. And second, we question the
reliability of the records themselves. In many cases these records are equivocal, as inconsistencies appear in separate studies
of the same records. Our analysis indicates that species were successful not because they were introduced frequently and in
high numbers, but rather it is likely that they were introduced frequently and in high numbers because the initial releases
were successful. |
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