大豆花叶病毒种子传毒率测定方法的比较

用苗期症状观察和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)两种方法检查了大豆种子内的大豆花叶病毒(sMV)的传毒率及带毒率,并对两种方法所得的结果进行了比较。带毒大豆种子产生的病苗,其症状主要有花叶、卷叶、叶脉束状、叶脉坏死、凸斑和单叶扭曲等类型。苗期症状观察得到的种子传毒率,与用ELISA法检查去种皮大豆种子的带毒率高度吻合,相关系数r=0.92(n=31),说明此两种方法检查种子传(带)毒率具有相同的生物学和病理学意义。 本文提出了种子“群体病毒浓度”的概念。“群体病毒浓度”=群体内病毒总量/群体内种子总数。38个处理组合和3,591粒种子逐粒用ELISA法检查表明,“群体病毒浓度”与该群体的种子传毒率呈正相关,r=0.93(n=38)。将种子群体作为一个整体用ELISA法检查的结果也证明,“群体病毒浓度”与种子传毒率呈直线相关。因此认为可以用ELISA法对种子群体直接进行测定来估计种子的传毒率。

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF SEED TRANSMISSION OF SOYBEAN MOSAiC VIRUS

The rate of seed transmission of Soybean Mosaic Virus(SMV)was measured by both the methods of seedling symptom observation ( SSO ) and ELISA.A comparison between these two methods was carried out. Symptoms appeared on the seedlings from infected seeds were mosaic,leaf curling,leaf vein aecro- sis, rugosity, leaf-base shrinkage and leaf rolling.The rates of transmission measured with SSO were highly correlated with those obtained by ELISA if the seed coats of tested seeds were taken off, the correlation coefficient being 0.92 ( n=31 ) .It indicates that these two methods gave essentially the same results.A new method for measuring seed transmission rate was tried. The frequency of SMV concentration in individual uncoated seed showed normal distribution.The concentration of SMV of a seed lot would be positivly proportional to the percentage of seed infection.Statistic analysis showed that OD value of a seed lot, which was equivalent to its virus concentration, was highly correlated with the seed transmission rate, r =0.93 ( n = 38 ) . A test was conducted to see if the method was practicable, and satisfactory result was obtained.