观赏羽衣甘蓝SSR标记分型与亲缘关系研究

观赏羽衣甘蓝凭借优良的观赏特性和抗逆性已经成为重要的冷季观赏植物。国内观赏羽衣甘蓝育种起步较晚,并且缺乏对种质资源遗传背景的系统研究。本研究应用SSR标记对不同类型的观赏羽衣甘蓝材料进行标记分型和亲缘关系分析。从99对均匀分布于甘蓝基因组的SSR引物中筛选出46对多态性好的引物,对27份不同类型的观赏羽衣甘蓝材料进行标记分型,共扩增出210个多态性位点,平均PIC值为0.58。进一步利用标记分型结果进行STRUCTURE群体结构、UPGMA聚类和聚类热图分析,结果显示3种分析结果基本一致,可以将27份材料分为圆叶、羽叶和皱叶3种类型,其中圆叶和羽叶类型的亲缘关系更近,与皱叶类型的亲缘关系较远;STRUCTURE分析还可以将双亲为不同类型的杂交种材料进行区分;聚类热图分析可以将标记分型结果形象的展示出来。本研究为进一步建立观赏羽衣甘蓝分子指纹图谱,明确种质资源的遗传背景,建立观赏羽衣甘蓝分子标记辅助选择育种体系,培育具有自主知识产权的新品种奠定基础。

Genotypic and Genetic Relationship Analysis of Ornamental Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) by SSR Markers

Kales (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), which are widely cultivated as ornamental plants in wintertime or cold areas, play important roles for urban landscaping. Domestic breeding of ornamental kale starts later, and there was a lack of system researches about genetic backgrounds of germplasm resources. SSR markers were utilized in this research for genotypic and genetic relationship analysis of different ornamental kale types. 46 pairs of polymorphic SSR primers from 99 SSR primers which were uniformly distributed on B. oleracea genome were selected for polymorphism and genotypic analysis of 27 ornamental kales. 210 polymorphic loci were obtained by 46 pairs of SSR primers and the average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.58. The genotypic result of 27 ornamental kales was used for further STRUCTRE, UPGMA and heatmap clustering analysis. 27 ornamental kales were classified into three groups: round leaf group, leather leaf group and crinkle leaf group by STRUCTRE, UPGMA and heatmap clustering analysis whose clustering results were consistent. Round leaf and leather leaf group have close genetic relationship, while crinkle leaf group has longer genetic distance with them. And STRUCTURE analysis can also distinct hybrids whose parents belongs to diverse groups. The genotypic results can be well demonstrated by heatmap clustering analysis. These results can lay the foundation for constructing molecular fingerprints of ornamental kale, illuminating genetic background of germplasm resources, developing molecular assistant selection in ornamental kale breeding, and breeding new varieties with independent intellectual property rights.