Melatonin and sleep

Sleep-wake cycle is the predominant example of circadian rhythms. Melatonin is commonly used to treat insomnia and in additional neurodevelopmental disorders in which sleep disturbance is frequent. In mammals, melatonin receptors are present in the membrane and cell nucleus of many tissues and systems where it exhibits various actions, including the regulation of circadian rhythms. The rhythmic pattern of melatonin secretion is imperative since it endows with vital information to the organism concerning time, which permits for alterations of a number of physiological functions consistent with daily and seasonal variations. Melatonin as well has sleep promoting effects demonstrated in changes in brain activation patterns and tiredness generation. The SCN’s (suprachiasmatic nuclei) function and melatonin production capability turns down with age consequently depriving the brain from an important time cue and sleep regulator.